Why Documentation Is Everything When Buying Property in Lagos

In Lagos’ luxury market — Ikoyi, Banana Island, Victoria Island — a stunning property is only as safe as its paperwork. For high-net-worth and diaspora investors, documentation is the single most important protection against fraud, costly disputes, and long delays. Proper documents don’t just prove ownership; they preserve value, enable financing, and make the asset transferable to future generations.

The core documents you must demand

Certificate of Occupancy (C of O) — primary proof of government grant of the land. Governor’s Consent — required where land was previously assigned; confirms lawful transfer. Deed of Assignment / Registered Conveyance — shows legal transfer between seller and buyer. Survey Plan approved by the Surveyor-General — exact boundaries and coordinates; prevents encroachment. Approved Building Plans and Completion Certificate — confirms construction compliance. Tax Receipts and Rates Clearance — shows no outstanding liabilities on the asset. Title Search Report from the Land Registry — history of ownership and any encumbrances. Developer Approvals and Project Permits for off-plan purchases — planning permission and infrastructure sign-offs.

How to verify — step by step

Obtain originals and certified copies; never rely on photocopies alone. Cross-check with government registries: confirm the C of O and Governor’s Consent at the Land Registry and relevant state offices. Verify survey coordinates on site and confirm the physical land matches the survey plan. Engage an independent lawyer for title searches, due diligence, and escrow arrangements. Payments should go through verified corporate accounts or solicitor escrow. Request an encumbrance search to ensure no mortgages or litigation.

Red flags to avoid

Title “in process” with pressure to pay now. Multiple owners listed with unclear transfer history. Vague warranties from sellers or intermediaries. Detached, unverifiable developer contact details. Requests for personal transfers into individual accounts.

Who should be on your team

A licensed real estate lawyer specialising in title and conveyancing. A reputable estate agent or developer with a verifiable track record. An accountant or tax advisor for compliance checks.